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Anumana Pramana, One of Source of Correct Cognition in Indian Philosophy and Ayurevda

Anumana Pramana, One of Source of Correct Cognition in Indian Philosophy and Ayurevda
*Dr. Chaitrika Prakash, PG Scholar, Dept. of Kayachikitsa, DGM Ayurveda Medical College, Gadag
Prof. (Dr.) S.N. Belavadi, HOD, PG Scholar, Dept. of Kayachikitsa, DGM Ayurveda Medical College, Gadag
*Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Received: 20-9-2019          Accepted: 8-01-2020          Published: 15-02-2020

https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/N5FQZ

Abstract: Background: Anumana or inference is taken as an importance source of valid cognition by Indian philosophy and Ayurveda. It is based on deductive reasoning after matching the characteristics of objects to be inferred with established one.
Components of Anumana Pramana: Sadhya, Hetu, Paksa, Vyapti and Paramarsha are deliberated as components of Anumana Pramana.
Classification of Anumana Pramana: Based on Expression or Cause-Effect Relationship: Purvavata, Sheshavata and Samanyatodrisht Anumana are said in Indian texts on the basis of cause and effect relationship. Purvavata emphasizes on cause while Sheshavata refers to effect as more important than cause. Cause and effect are not emphasized in Samanyatodrishta.
Based on Inference for oneself or for others: It is divided in to Swarthanumana and Pararthanumana. Swarthanumana is used to convince oneself who is inferring while Prarathanumana is used to convince others. Steps suggested for Pararthanumana include Pratigya, Hetu, Udaharana, Upanaya and Nigamana. Hetu means reasoning. It is further divided in to five types as Pakshadharmata, Sapakshasattva, Vipakshasattva, Badhita Vishayatva and Asat Pratipakshatva.
Discussion: Anumana relies on concomitant relationships of characteristics of objects to be inferred. It is based on deductive approach of reasoning. Further detailed in-depth understanding of Anumana is needed to explore more steps suggested in Indian texts for reasoning.
Key words: Anumana, Inference, Puravavata, Sheshavata, Samanayatodrishta, Pratigya, Hetu, Udaharana, Upanaya, Nigamana ………..

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